Gabapentin is in a class of medications called anticonvulsants. Gabapentin treats seizures by decreasing excitement in the brain. Gabapentin has been studied for its effect in patients with cancer who have neuropathic pain or symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. Its effect occurs by changing the way the body senses pain. It has also been studied for its effect on anxiety and hot flashes. Gabapentin in combination with other medications such as opioids and impramine have been studied for effects on neuropathic pain and other symptoms.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued a warning regarding the use of gabapentin or pregabalin and serious breathing difficulties in people with respiratory risk factors, including older adults, those having conditions that reduce lung function such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and those using drugs that depress the central nervous system including opioids, anti-anxiety medication, antidepressants, and antihistamines.