Hyperleukocytosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Considerations for Inpatient Diagnosis and Management

Hyperleukocytosis, a white blood cell count greater than 100,000/mcl, can be associated with the following three primary oncologic emergencies: leukostasis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and tumor lysis syndrome. These complications significantly increase a patient’s risk of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, timely evidence-based interventions ensure patient safety. This article provides clinical evidence and guidelines for advanced practice nurses working in hematology-oncology to support diagnostic workup and management of hyperleukocytosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. A patient case study demonstrates key concepts.

AT A GLANCE

• Hyperleukocytosis can lead to several oncologic emergencies for patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia.
• Prompt recognition and management of leukostasis can prevent early complications.
• Advanced practice nurses can use evidence-based strategies for ongoing monitoring and intervention to preserve patient safety.