Initial references prior to update: 24
Databases searched for update: PubMed, CINAHL
Search results of literature retrieved January 1, 2009–December 9, 2016:
152 titles were selected for full article review.
89 final studies were included after the removal of duplicates and studies that did not meet inclusion criteria and the addition of manuscripts retrieved in other topics meeting constipation-related criteria.
Inclusion Criteria:
*Prior to 2011, evidence considered included studies unrelated to cancer patients.
Exclusion Criteria: