Clark, M., Isaacks-Downton, G., Wells, N., Redlin-Frazier, S., Eck, C., Hepworth, J. T., & Chakravarthy, B. (2006). Use of preferred music to reduce emotional distress and symptom activity during radiation therapy. Journal of Music Therapy, 43, 247–265.
The music-listening intervention included preferred music and recommended relaxation techniques (e.g., progressive muscle relaxation, imagery, and positive self-talk). Sessions were guided by a music therapist on a 90-minute cassette. Frequency of listening (dose) varied, but duration was not reported.
The study was conducted at a comprehensive cancer center, including a Veteran's Administration facility.
Not specified
This was a randomized trial in which patients were assigned to one of the two groups: the music therapy group (n = 35) or the control group (n = 28).
Fatigue increased from baseline to the end of treatment for both groups. No significant difference in intervention effects was observed. Fatigue, depression, pain, or anxiety showed a significant relation between frequency of listening and emotional distress. Higher use of music was associated with greater reduction in treatment-related stress.
Referral to a music therapist is necessary for the delivery of the intervention.