Koller, A., Miaskowski, C., De Geest, S., Opitz, O., & Spichiger, E. (2012). A systematic evaluation of content, structure, and efficacy of interventions to improve patients' self-management of cancer pain. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 44, 264–284.
Although the efficacy of various intervention components could not be clearly delineated, this systematic review provides an overview of the various structural and content components of intervention studies to improve cancer pain management and an evaluation of combinations of components.
Nurses need to be aware of the various structural and content components of interventions to support patients’ self-management of cancer pain. The interventions should be culturally appropriate and include written material; a face-to-face educational session of at least 15 minutes; and information about pain treatment, cognitive barriers to pain management, and implementation of self-management pain strategies.