Mantovani, G., Massa, E., Astara, G., Murgia, V., Gramignano, G., Lusso, M.R., … Maccio, A. (2003). Phase II clinical trial of local use of GM-CSF for prevention and treatment of chemotherapy and concomitant chemoradiotherapy-induced severe oral mucositis in advanced head and neck cancer patients: An evaluation of effectiveness, safety and costs. Oncology Reports, 10, 197-206.
To evaluate a granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mouthwash in the prophylactic and curative settings of oral mucositis (OM)
All patients were given 300 mcg of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in 300 ml of water; patients were instructed to rinse and gargle with the mouthwash for as long as possible, three times daily (morning, midday, and before bedtime). Patients were instructed to not eat, drink, or rinse with another mouthwash for at least one hour afterward. Patients in the prophylactic group also received amifostine (500 mg IV). Patients in the curative group were treated from the appearance of mucositis until two days after clinical resolution.
This was an open, nonrandomized, phase II study.