Tang, N.K., Lereya, S.T., Boulton, H., Miller, M.A., Wolke, D., & Cappuccio, F.P. (2015). Nonpharmacological treatments of insomnia for long-term painful conditions: A systematic review and meta-analysis of patient-reported outcomes in randomized controlled trials. Sleep, 38, 1751–1764.
STUDY PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of nonpharmacologic interventions on patient-reported sleep, pain, and well-being in people with cancer and other conditions
TYPE OF STUDY: Meta-analysis and systematic review
PHASE OF CARE: Not specified or not applicable
All treatments had at least one component of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. Subgroup analysis showed that the interventions tested were significant for both cancer and noncancer cases. Another subgroup analysis showed that effectiveness was significant for face-to-face interventions but not for those conducted via the phone or Internet. Analysis showed effects for sleep (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.78, p < 0.0001 with high heterogeneity), pain (SMD = 0.18, p = 0.05), and fatigue (SMD = 0.38, p = 0.01).
Nonpharmacologic interventions involving components of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia were shown to be effective in improving sleep, pain, and fatigue among patients with and without cancer.
High heterogeneity
Interventions like cognitive behavioral for insomnia are beneficial to improve sleep, reduce fatigue, and positively affect pain.