Gabapentin is in a class of medications called anticonvulsants. Gabapentin treats seizures by decreasing excitement in the brain and has been studied for its effect in patients with cancer who have neuropathic pain or symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. It also has been studied for its effect on anxiety and hot flashes. Gabapentin monotherapy involves use of the drug alone rather than as an adjunctive medication.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued a warning regarding the use of gabapentin or pregabalin and serious breathing difficulties in people with respiratory risk factors, including older adults, those having conditions that reduce lung function such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and those using drugs that depress the central nervous system including opioids, anti-anxiety medication, antidepressants, and antihistamines.