Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis (HSVE), which is caused by HSV-1 or HSV-2, is a rare neurologic disorder associated with focal or global cerebral dysfunction. HSVE is a syndrome of altered mental status, fever, and seizures. Advanced practice providers should have a high clinical suspicion of HSVE in any patient presenting with these symptoms to ensure prompt workup and administration of IV acyclovir to help minimize mortality and morbidity.