Persoon, S., Kersten, M.J., van der Weiden, K., Buffart, L.M., Nollet, F., Brug, J., & Chinapaw, M.J. (2013). Effects of exercise in patients treated with stem cell transplantation for a hematologic malignancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Treatment Reviews, 39, 682–690.
STUDY PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of exercise interventions compared with usual care on physical fitness, fatigue, and quality of life in patients treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)
TYPE OF STUDY: Meta-analysis and systematic review
PHASE OF CARE: Active antitumor treatment
Six studies showed a positive effect on cardiorespiratory fitness (effect size [ES] = 0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.13, 0.94]) compared to usual care. Positive effects were seen in muscle strength. Five studies showed positive effects on quality of life (QOL) in global QOL (ES = 0.41, p = 0.0005), cognitive functioning (ES = 0.36, 95% CI [0.13, 0.59], p = 0.002) from the European Organization of Research on Treatment and Cancer (EORTC) self-report instrument. Compared to usual care, exercise had a moderate and significant positive effect on fatigue (ES = 0.53, 95% CI [0.27, 0.79], p < 0.0001).
Exercise interventions were shown to have a positive effect on cardiorespiratory fitness and fatigue, and might show some benefit in terms of several aspects of health-related quality of life for patients undergoing HSCT.
This review adds to the body of evidence showing the effectiveness of exercise interventions for fatigue among various types of patients with cancer. Exercise may also have an impact on various aspects of health-related quality of life; however, the evidence in this area is weak, and additional research is needed to determine efficacy in this area.
Perol, D., Provencal, J., Hardy-Bessard, A.C., Coeffic, D., Jacquin, J.P., Agostini, C., . . . Ray-Coquard, I. (2012). Can treatment with Cocculine improve the control of chemotherapy-induced emesis in early breast cancer patients? A randomized, multi-centered, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase III trial. BMC Cancer, 12, 603.
To evaluate the efficacy of cocculine (a complex homeopathic medicine) in the control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer who are undergoing standard chemotherapy regimens
Participants were randomized to receive standard antiemetic treatment plus either a complex homeopathic remedy (cocculine) and or the matching placebo in addition to standard antiemetic prophylactic (8 mg ondansetron [or 3 mg granisetron] and 80 mg methylpredinosolone twice daily). Cocculine is a registered remedy in France for the treatment of nausea and travel sickness. It contains four homeopathic components: Cocculus indicus, tabacum, nux vomica, and petroleum.
Patients were stratified by participating center and type of chemotherapy regimen. Study treatments (cocculine and placebo) were given as two tablets on the evening before chemotherapy; two tablets three times on day 1, and two tablets on the morning and evening of day 2.
Nausea and vomiting were monitored for five days by completing the Functional Living Index-Emesis (FLIE) on day 6. The study regimen was repeated in cycles 2 and 3, and symptoms were monitored until cycle 6.
The study was conducted at multiple outpatient sites in France.
All patients were in active antitumor treatment.
This was a randomized, multi-centered, double-blind, longitudinal, placebo-controlled, phase III trial.
No difference was found between the two arms.
Adding a complex homeopathic medicine (cocculine) to standard antiemetic prophylaxis does not improve the control of CINV in patients just diagnosed with breast cancer.
Nurses should advise patients who use any complementary interventions that some can be ineffective and costly.
Pergolizzi, J.V., Jr., Mercadante, S., Echaburu, A.V., Van den Eynden, B., Fragoso, R.M., Mordarski, S., . . . Euromed Communications meeting. (2009). The role of transdermal buprenorphine in the treatment of cancer pain: An expert panel consensus. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 25(6), 1517–1528.
To provide practical guidance regarding the use of transdermal buprenorphine to treat cancer pain, particularly in those who need high-dose treatment to achieve pain control
The report provides information regarding the pharmacology and safety profile of transdermal buprenorphine. In addition, authors present some information, from studies and case reports, regarding efficacy. Authors provide no comprehensive review of search result or appraisal method. They do not detail the panel’s process.
Expert opinion suggests that, for the treatment of cancer pain, transdermal buprenorphine is a useful alternative or adjunct to other medication.
Pergolizzi, S., Iati, G., Santacaterina, A., Palazzolo, C., Di Pietro, A., Garufi, G., & Ferrau, F. (2006). Treatment planning in patients with bone metastases. Final results of a prospective study using pre-medication with fentanyl to improve irradiation reproducibility. Supportive and Palliative Cancer Care, 2, 71–75.
To evaluate the compliance to radiation treatment planning of patients with bone metastases who have been premedicated with transdermal fentanyl
Fentanyl was delivered at 25–50 mcg/hour starting a week before treatment planning and during simulation. Immobilization devices were not mandatory.
Italy
Prospective study
Transdermal fentanyl is efficacious and associated with minimal side effects.
Previous studies have shown that perception of improved quality of life positively influences duration of survival.
Pérez, Y. L., Medina, J. A., Perez, I. L., & Garcia, C. M. (2011). Prevention and treatment of radiodermatitis using a non-adhesive foam dressing. Journal of Wound Care, 20, 130–135.
To measure healing (defined as complete re-epithelialization of the wound) and injury progression during radiation therapy (RT).
Data were collected daily from the onset of wet dermatitis until its resolution.
All patients received routine care, as described in the departmental protocol for the treatment of radiodermatitis.
The agent used was Mepilex Lite—a nonadhesive, thin, absorbent foam dressing with a soft silicone layer and film backing.
Participants were examined weekly based on Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) Assessment Criteria 0 to 4
At onset of moist/wet desquamation, daily records were kept regarding the progression of lesions with photographs and a pain assessment until full healing was achieved.
This was an observational study with no blinding.
All wounds (20/20) progressed to full healing.
No infections occurred.
Mean total healing time was 9.5 days (range 3–22 days).
Patient rating of experience (scale from 1 to 10, with 1 being the worst and 10 being the best)
Positive clinical and patient-centered outcomes were observed.
Although the observational study showed efficacy and safety in a small number of patients, further studies need to be developed that include blinding, randomization, controls, and potential for multicenter involvement.
Moist wound healing has been shown in numerous studies to be beneficial for healing, although there have been conflicting results with the use of hydrocolloidal dressings. Consideration as to cost-effectiveness and patient ability to access dressings without significant out-of-pocket costs must be determined.
Perez, D., Sharples, K.J., Broom, R., Jeffery, M., Proctor, J., Hinder, V., . . . Findlay, M. (2015). A randomised phase IIb trial to assess the efficacy of ReCharge ice cream in preventing chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea. Supportive Care in Cancer, 23, 3307–3315.
To assess the efficacy of ReCharge ice cream in reducing the number of days with chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (CID)
Eligible patients were randomized 1:1 to ReCharge or placebo, administered as one 11 g placebo serving or ReCarge daily for 10–18 days prechemotherapy and continued for six weeks from the start of chemotherapy.
The mean number of days with CID was not statistically significant on ReCharge versus placebo. There were no statistically significant differences between the treatment arms.
The study did not demonstrate effectiveness of ReCharge in reducing diarrhea.
ReCharge is not effective in CID management.
Pereira, J., & Phan, T. (2004). Management of bleeding in patients with advanced cancer. Oncologist, 9, 561–570.
PURPOSE: To review an article with associated continuing medical education on the management of bleeding in patients with advanced cancer. Local interventions include suggestions for wound management.
Hudson, P., Quinn, K., Kristjanson, L., Thomas, T., Braithwaite, M., Fisher, J., & Cockayne, M. (2008). Evaluation of a psycho-educational group programme for family caregivers in home-based palliative care. Palliative Medicine, 22, 270–280.
To develop, implement, and evaluate a group education program to prepare family caregivers who assume primary care for a relative/friend receiving home-based palliative care
Participants attended three group educational sessions (1.5 hours each) held over a three-week period in one of six palliative care service settings. Educational sessions involved education on the caregiver role, identification of palliative care services, strategies for responding to patient needs, strategies to maintain caregiver well-being, and specific content related to preparing for death and dying care. Evaluation of the intervention included participant completion of seven validated instruments (producing nine outcomes) before program commencement, following program completion, and two weeks following the program. Qualitative assessments also occurred via semistructured interviews with at least one participant per program (16) within two weeks of program completion and via facilitator journals to reflect perceptions of the program.
A quasi-experimental, time-series design was used.
A repeated measures analysis of variance on all nine variables over three testing times found multivariate effects for time (p < 0.001), including moderate associations between time and combined dependent variables (effect size by eta² = 0.36). The intervention had significant effects (p < 0.01 or better) on caregiver preparedness, perceptions of rewards, competence, and having needs met, and this effect was sustained up to two weeks post-program. Caregiver burden showed a significant (p < 0.001) increase between time 2 (post-program) and time 3 (two weeks post-program) of assessment, a finding perhaps related to poor patient prognosis. Social support and optimism levels appeared stable. Qualitative findings demonstrated overall favorable program feedback and appreciation of practical advice on available resources and symptom management provided.
This study found that a conceptually based psychoeducational group intervention for caregivers caring for a dying patient had some positive effects on caregiver preparedness, competence, rewards, and unmet needs. However, the program did not improve caregiver optimism, burden, or social support.
Findings from this study continue to support the need for oncology nurses to assess and intervene with evidence-based programs focused on meeting the needs of caregivers of terminally ill patients. Results did not show an effect of the intervention to reduce caregiver burden; however, qualitative results desmonstrated caregiver appreciation of information on available resources and symptom management, pointing to the value of provision of this type of information to caregivers.
Peoples, A.R., Bushunow, P.W., Garland, S.N., Heckler, C.E., Roscoe, J.A., Peppone, L.L., . . . Morrow, G.R. (2015). Buspirone for management of dyspnea in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: A randomized placebo-controlled URCC CCOP study. Supportive Care in Cancer, 24, 1339–1347.
To evaluate whether buspirone alleviates dyspnea in patients with cancer and, secondary, whether it improves anxiety.
Patients with grade 2 or higher dyspnea per OCD tool were randomized to receive buspirone or placebo for a 28-day intervention on a fixed-dose titration. Treatment was discontinued after day 28. Baseline information was obtained including demographic info and MMRCDS. Assessments were then completed using OCD and STAI-S prior to starting protocol, within 5-7 days starting protocol, and after 28 days.
Buspirone did not significantly improve dyspnea or anxiety in patients with cancer.
Buspirone was not an effective treatment option for dyspnea in patients with cancer.
Buspirone should not be used as a treatment option for dyspnea in patients with cancer.
Penha, T. R., Ijsbrandy, C., Hendrix, N. A., Heuts, E. M., Voogd, A. C., von Meyenfeldt, M. F., & van der Hulst, R. R. (2013). Microsurgical techniques for the treatment of breast cancer-related lymphedema: A systematic review. Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery, 29(2), 99–106.
To summarize available literature on lymphatic microsurgery for breast cancer-related lymphedema
Patients were undergoing the active antitumor treatment phase of care.
Very limited evidence exists regarding the efficacy of microsurgical techniques for the prevention and management of upper extremity lymphedema in patients with breast cancer who had axillary lymph node excision. The best findings were seen with inguinal lymph node transfer. Consistent positive findings and minimal reported adverse effects were reported. However, high quality-evidence is lacking.
Findings are limited because of the low number of studies, small samples, and lack of high-quality research. Additionally, follow-up duration varied, and most studies did not report rates related to the ability to discontinue conservative management for lymphedema.
Microsurgical techniques for the prevention of lymphedema are promising; however, further high-quality research studies with long-term follow-up are needed.