Naloxone
Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, reverses the effects of opioids and has been used to reverse opioid overdose. Naloxone in combination with opioids for pain management has been examined in patients with cancer for its effects on opioid-induced constipation.
N-acetyl Cysteine
N-acetyl cysteine is derived from the amino acid L-cysteine and is used as a pharmaceutical drug as well as in nutritional support. It can be can be administered via IV or inhaled. It has multiple uses in medicine, and its primary uses are in acetaminophen overdose and as a mucolytic agent. It has been studied in the treatment of cancer treatment-related mucositis.
Music/Music Therapy
Music therapy is the application of music to influence physiologic, psychological, and emotional functioning. It often is used with other behavioral techniques, such as relaxation. Music interventions vary from listening to recorded music to listening to live music to more formal music therapy provided by music therapists.
Multivitamin Supplements
Administration of a standard multivitamin dietary supplement was evaluated in patients with cancer for the management of fatigue. A variety of individual vitamins also have been examined for their effects in treating different symptoms. Interventions involving specific individual or combined vitamins are identified as separate interventions.
Multicomponent Interventions
Multicomponent interventions for caregivers include a combination of educational, supportive, psychotherapuetic, and respite care.
MS 20 Soybean Extract
MS 20 is a fermented soybean extract. Fermented soybean products contain isoflavones that may have chemoprotective effects and increase antioxidant activity. MS 20 use has been examined in patients with cancer for its effects on natural killer cell activity and symptoms of anorexia and fatigue.
Moxibustion
Moxibustion is an east Asian traditional therapy involving the application of the heat from burning herbs to stimulate specific spots on the skin or acupoints. Moxibustion may be used in combination with acupuncture. This intervention has been examined in people with cancer for its effect on fatigue.
Motivational Interviewing
Motivational interviewing is a counseling style and way of being with an individual in which the counselor becomes a helper in the change process. The motivational interviewing style generally is founded in principles of the provision of empathy through reflective listening, identifying discrepancies between client goals, values, and current behavior, avoiding confrontation, adjusting to client resistance, the provision of support and optimism, and the enhancement of self efficacy. This style is aimed at helping clients to resolve ambivalence about behavior change.
Morphine Mouthwash
A mouthwash containing a morphine solution was examined for its effect on oral mucositis and on acute pain from oral mucositis in patients with cancer.
Modafinil/Armodafinil
Modafinil is a psychostimulant effective in the treatment of excessive sleepiness associated with narcolepsy and in people with shift-work sleep disorder. It is used to increase wakefulness and capacity for attention, to brighten mood, and to enhance memory. Modafinil comes as a tablet for oral intake and has been evaluated in patients with cancer for fatigue and cognitive impairment.